MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

29 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessReview

Methodology of Epidemic Risk Analysis in the Naval Military

by Laetitia Peultier-Celli, Alain Gérard, Franck Letourneur, Clara Inghels, Audrey Duclos and Philippe Perrin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040572 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

This review of the literature examines diseases and pathogen characteristics on military vessels, in order to improve the success of missions on a boat. Our aim is to understand the spread of disease, aiming to maximize biological resilience and hopefully eliminate outbreaks. Keyword [...] Read more.

This review of the literature examines diseases and pathogen characteristics on military vessels, in order to improve the success of missions on a boat. Our aim is to understand the spread of disease, aiming to maximize biological resilience and hopefully eliminate outbreaks. Keyword research was conducted from various sources of information, including scientific publications, theses, public health organization websites, and clinical trials. A synthesis of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitosis characteristics was established, and a risk prioritization index was defined, based on contagiousness (basic reproduction number (R0)) and clinical severity. For instance, COVID-19 was assessed as moderately contagious, with critical severity, and Influenza A H1N1 as having a minor level of contagiousness with critical severity, resulting in a level two out of three risk prioritization index. This approach demonstrates that while diseases have numerous characteristics, a method for classifying them by isolating specific criteria and prioritizing them could be proposed. In conclusion, further work is needed to analyze onboard operator activities and develop simulation models related to pathogen characteristics. Full article

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22 pages, 10416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forming Process Prediction Model and Application of Laser Cladding for Remanufactured Screw Pump Rotors

by Haiying Zu, Yongpeng Liu, Sihui Chen, Xiang Jin, Weidong Ye, Mingyuan Sun, Zhongmin Xiao and Liming Yao

Materials 2025, 18(7), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071673 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

In order to achieve high-quality repair of complex curved parts, a remanufacturing process method utilizing laser cladding and reverse engineering technology is proposed to be implemented by robots. This study focuses on the oscillating helical surface of a screw pump rotor. A single-pass [...] Read more.

In order to achieve high-quality repair of complex curved parts, a remanufacturing process method utilizing laser cladding and reverse engineering technology is proposed to be implemented by robots. This study focuses on the oscillating helical surface of a screw pump rotor. A single-pass laser cladding test is conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to construct a predictive model and identify optimal process parameters. The model’s accuracy is validated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and index verification, while the optimal lap rate is determined through multi-pass laser cladding testing. Using reverse engineering technology, the generation of laser cladding paths for complex surfaces is explored, and the trajectory planning for the laser cladding robot is carried out. Simulations and experiments of robotic laser cladding on complex surfaces are performed, with the optimal process parameters guiding both the experiment and simulation. The optimum single-pass cladding layer, with a lap rate of 25.6%, is achieved when the laser power is 2217 W, the powder feed rate is 2.86 r/min, and the scanning speed is 400 mm/min. The study successfully plans the path for laser cladding on complex curved parts, verifying its feasibility and effectiveness, verifying that there is good metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, and helping to select the appropriate process parameters that are consistent with the requirements of a particular application, thus providing valuable guidance for the remanufacture of failed metal parts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rising Stars in Additive Manufacturing)

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25 pages, 19507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extensive Feature-Inferring Deep Network for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion

by Abdolraheem Khader, Jingxiang Yang, Sara Abdelwahab Ghorashi, Ali Ahmed, Zeinab Dehghan and Liang Xiao

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(7), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071308 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Hyperspectral (HS) and multispectral (MS) image fusion is the most favorable way to obtain a hyperspectral image that has high resolution in terms of spatial and spectral information. This fusion problem can be accomplished by formulating a mathematical model and solving it either [...] Read more.

Hyperspectral (HS) and multispectral (MS) image fusion is the most favorable way to obtain a hyperspectral image that has high resolution in terms of spatial and spectral information. This fusion problem can be accomplished by formulating a mathematical model and solving it either analytically or iteratively. The mathematical solutions class has serious challenges, e.g., computation cost, manually tuning parameters, and the absence of imaging models that laboriously affect the fusion process. With the revolution of deep learning, the recent HS-MS image fusion techniques gained good outcomes by utilizing the power of the convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction. Moreover, extracting intrinsic information, e.g., non-local spatial and global spectral features, is the most critical issue faced by deep learning methods. Therefore, this paper proposes an Extensive Feature-Inferring Deep Network (EFINet) with extensive-scale feature-interacting and global correlation refinement modules to improve the effectiveness of HS-MS image fusion. The proposed network retains the most vital information through the extensive-scale feature-interacting module in various feature scales. Moreover, the global semantic information is achieved by utilizing the global correlation refinement module. The proposed network is validated through rich experiments conducted on two popular datasets, the Houston and Chikusei datasets, and it attains good performance compared to the state-of-the-art HS-MS image fusion techniques. Full article

22 pages, 4702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineered ATP-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Strategy to Counteract Cell ATP Depletion in an In Vitro Model

by Maria Antonietta Grignano, Silvia Pisani, Marilena Gregorini, Giorgia Rainaudo, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Stefania Croce, Chiara Valsecchi, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Tefik Islami, Elisabetta Margiotta, Valentina Portalupi, Andreana De Mauri, Emma Diletta Stea, Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri, Paolo Iadarola, Simona Viglio, Bice Conti and Teresa Rampino

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073424 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has shown promising effects in alleviating ischemic damage across various tissues. However, the penetration of ATP into kidney tubular cells presents a challenge due to their unique anatomical and physiological properties. In this study, we introduce a [...] Read more.

The use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has shown promising effects in alleviating ischemic damage across various tissues. However, the penetration of ATP into kidney tubular cells presents a challenge due to their unique anatomical and physiological properties. In this study, we introduce a novel bioinspired drug delivery system utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and engineered to carry ATP. ATP-loaded liposomes (ATP-LPs) and ATP-loaded EVs (ATP-EVs) were prepared using microfluidic technology, followed by characterization of their morphology (DLS, NTA, SEM, TEM), ATP content, and release rate at 37 °C (pH 7.4). Additionally, the delivery efficacy of ATP-LPs and ATP-EVs was evaluated in vitro on renal cells (HK2 cells) under chemically induced ischemia. The results indicated successful ATP enrichment in EVs, with ATP-EVs showing no significant changes in morphology or size compared to naïve EVs. Notably, ATP-EVs demonstrated superior ATP retention compared to ATP-LPs, protecting the ATP from degradation in the extracellular environment. In an ATP-depleted HK2 cell model, only ATP-EVs effectively restored ATP levels, preserving cell viability and reducing apoptotic gene expression (BCL2-BAX). This study is the first to successfully demonstrate the direct delivery of ATP into renal tubular cells in vitro using EVs as carriers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications)

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16 pages, 2329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Strategy to Prevent Emerging Lactococcus garvieae Infections by Using Organic Acids as Antimicrobials In Vitro and Ex Vivo

by Igori Balta, Florin Dan Simiz, Ducu Stef, Ioan Pet, Gabi Dumitrescu, Tiberiu Iancu, Iuliana Cretescu, Nicolae Corcionivoschi and Lavinia Stef

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3423; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073423 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The ever-growing global demand for animal protein forces the aquaculture industry to expand at a pace which imposes significant challenges in maintaining sustainable practices. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) in mitigating Lactococcus garvieae (L. [...] Read more.

The ever-growing global demand for animal protein forces the aquaculture industry to expand at a pace which imposes significant challenges in maintaining sustainable practices. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) in mitigating Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) virulence through its effects on bacterial virulence (EPS production, biofilm, and haemolytic factors) and host pathogenicity, including its adherence to CHSE-214 cells, haemolysis, and proinflammatory responses. Our findings reveal that Aq significantly inhibits L. garvieae growth at a 0.125% concentration, suppresses EPS-related gene expression, reduces biofilm formation, and reduces cytotoxicity in fish epithelial cells (CHSE-214). Moreover, Aq decreased haemolysing gene expression (hly1, hly2 and hly3) and attenuated red blood cell haemolysis, a hallmark of L. garvieae pathogenicity. Lastly, Aq was demonstrated to induce modulation in the host immune responses, lowering IL-1β and IL-8 expression, which are critical mediators of inflammation and pathogen recruitment. Therefore, we conclude that the main mechanism of action of Aq involves inhibiting L. garvieae adhesion to epithelial cells, reducing EPS production, and downregulating key virulence-associated genes (e.g., hly1, hly2, and hly3). After preventing L. garvieae adherence and suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β and IL-8), Aq disrupts the pathogen’s ability to breach epithelial barriers and induce red blood cell lysis, thereby mitigating its virulence and pathogenicity. Our results emphasised the potential of Aq as an alternative non-antibiotic intervention for controlling piscine lactococcosis, advancing our understanding of L. garvieae pathogenesis and providing the foundation for the future integration of environmentally friendly antimicrobials into aquaculture disease management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology)

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31 pages, 2564 KiB

Open AccessReview

Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer: The Therapeutic Potential of Epigenetic Drugs in Cancer Therapy

by Preeti Gupta

Drugs Drug Candidates 2025, 4(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/ddc4020015 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

To date, numerous studies have emerged that indicate the possible role of epigenetic modulation in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Epigenetic alterations participate in various steps of carcinogenesis. They play important regulatory roles in processes like cell division, proliferation, [...] Read more.

To date, numerous studies have emerged that indicate the possible role of epigenetic modulation in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Epigenetic alterations participate in various steps of carcinogenesis. They play important regulatory roles in processes like cell division, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs serve as attractive and promising targets for cancer prevention and anti-cancer therapy. Epigenetic drugs or epi-drugs possess the ability to reverse many such epigenetic alterations and thus can help manage the clinical manifestations of cancer. Epigenetic drugs broadly target epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications, to manifest their effects. Several naturally occurring as well as chemically synthesized compounds have been recognized as epigenetic drugs. Some of them are clinically approved, while many are in their preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we aim to present a broad overview of the epigenetic modifications implicated in carcinogenesis. The review also compiles various epigenetic drugs that are approved for clinical practice, as well as those that are in the preclinical and clinical stages of investigation for anti-cancer therapy. Full article

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20 pages, 4071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Changes in Fish Community Composition of a Coregonid Dominated Oligotrophic Lake

by Arne N. Linløkken, Aslak B. Grimsgaard and Antti P. Eloranta

Hydrobiology 2025, 4(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4020010 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Cold-water lakes in high-latitude regions are experiencing rapid changes in community structure and functioning associated with local and global stressors (e.g., climate change, hydropower and invasive species). However, the long-term ecological responses of cold-adapted top predators are relatively poorly monitored despite their high [...] Read more.

Cold-water lakes in high-latitude regions are experiencing rapid changes in community structure and functioning associated with local and global stressors (e.g., climate change, hydropower and invasive species). However, the long-term ecological responses of cold-adapted top predators are relatively poorly monitored despite their high importance for structuring ecological communities and for the provisioning of ecosystem services. We studied long-term changes (2010–2021) in the population structure and trophic niche of two cold-adapted coregonid fishes in oligotrophic Lake Osensjøen, southeastern Norway. Our gillnet surveys indicated that the whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) population declines simultaneously with the increasing population density of roach (Rutilus rutilus), whereas vendace (Coregonus albula) showed more stable densities. Both whitefish and vendace became increasingly dominated by small-sized individuals following the increase in coexisting roach and perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations. Our stomach content and stable isotope data indicated a marked overlap in the trophic niches of whitefish and roach, with both species showing high among-individual variation in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values as compared to the more specialized zooplanktivorous vendace. Our study provides further evidence that the ongoing environmental changes in high-latitude lakes may induce rapid changes in community structures and lead to the population declines of cold-adapted fishes, likely associated with strong resource competition with warm-adapted cyprinid and percid fishes. Such shifts in fish community structure may, in turn, affect the benthic and pelagic food-web compartments and reduce valuable ecosystem services such as local fisheries targeting salmonids. Full article

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20 pages, 9118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Spatial and Temporal Correlation Between Habitat Quality and Habitat Fragmentation in the West Qinling Mountains, China

by Caihong Hui, Xuelu Liu and Xiaoning Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073256 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

In recent decades, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection has become more and more prominent. Scientific simulation of the spatial and temporal correlation between habitat quality (HQ) and habitat fragmentation at a suitable scale [...] Read more.

In recent decades, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection has become more and more prominent. Scientific simulation of the spatial and temporal correlation between habitat quality (HQ) and habitat fragmentation at a suitable scale is of great significance for maintaining the stability of regional ecosystems and achieving high-quality development. This study took the West Qinling Mountains as an example, where, firstly, the appropriate grid scale was determined based on the spatial stability of HQ, and the evolution characteristics of HQ were analyzed from 2000 to 2020 based on the InVEST model and GeoDa software. Secondly, the habitat fragmentation process was simulated from three characteristic dimensions of habitat area, habitat shape, and habitat distribution. Finally, the GWR model was used to explore the correlation mechanism between habitat fragmentation and HQ. The results showed the following: (1) The 3 km grid scale was a suitable scale for HQ evaluation and analysis in the West Qinling Mountains, and the scale effect was consistent across years. (2) The degree of HQ was at a higher level, where, from 2000 to 2020, it showed a decreasing trend, with a clear phenomenon of bipolar sharpening. The spatial distribution showed a pattern of “high in the west and low in the east, low in the north and high in the south”, and exhibited obvious spatial double clustering characteristics. (3) The degree of habitat fragmentation was at a medium level, where, from 2000 to 2020, it showed a increasing trend, with a clear bipolar contraction state. The spatial distribution showed a pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south”, and the overall spatial distribution was retained with the change in time scale. (4) The effects of habitat fragmentation on HQ showed significant spatial and temporal non-stationary with a non-linear negative correlation. From 2000 to 2020, the degree of negative effect gradually increased, and the staggered distribution of forest, unused land, and water might offset the negative impact of unused land on HQ. The results could provide scientific evidence for the optimization of ecological patterns and ecological prevention and control in the West Qinling Mountains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

17 pages, 312 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Multifaceted Landscape of Healthcare-Associated Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

by Alessandro Russo and Francesca Serapide

Microorganisms 2025, 13(4), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040829 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is an emerging and important major cause of nosocomial infections, posing a significant challenge to clinicians worldwide. The intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms exhibited by CRAB, associated with its ability to persist in healthcare environments, have transformed it into [...] Read more.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is an emerging and important major cause of nosocomial infections, posing a significant challenge to clinicians worldwide. The intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms exhibited by CRAB, associated with its ability to persist in healthcare environments, have transformed it into a critical public health concern. The clinical implications of CRAB infections include severe manifestations, like ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections. These infections are often associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in critically ill patients, such as those in intensive care units, immunocompromised, and those undergoing invasive procedures. Considering these characteristics, the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of CRAB infections is increasingly limited, as these strains exhibit resistance to a broad range of antibiotics, including carbapenems and the new β-lactam inhibitors, which are considered last-line agents for many bacterial infections. An important role is represented by cefiderocol and data from real-world evidence. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the main topics of CRAB infection and strategies for prevention, management, and therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Management and Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections)

38 pages, 3907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genomic and Epidemiological Investigations Reveal Chromosomal Integration of the Acipenserid Herpesvirus 3 Genome in Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens

by Sharon Clouthier, Umberto Rosani, Arfa Khan, Qiuwen Ding, Eveline Emmenegger, Zhuozhi Wang, Thomas Nalpathamkalam and Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram

Viruses 2025, 17(4), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040534 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

DNA sequence from a new alloherpesvirus named acipenserid herpesvirus 3 (AciHV-3) was found in sturgeon species that are vulnerable to decline globally. A study was undertaken to develop a better understanding of the virus genome and to develop diagnostic tools to support an [...] Read more.

DNA sequence from a new alloherpesvirus named acipenserid herpesvirus 3 (AciHV-3) was found in sturgeon species that are vulnerable to decline globally. A study was undertaken to develop a better understanding of the virus genome and to develop diagnostic tools to support an epidemiological investigation. A 184,426 bp genome was assembled from PacBio HiFi sequences generated with DNA from a Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens gonad cell line. The AciHV-3 genome was contiguous with host chromosomal DNA and was structured with telomere-like terminal direct repeat regions, five internal direct repeat regions and a U region that included intact open reading frames encoding alloherpesvirus core proteins. Diagnostic testing conducted with a newly developed and analytically validated qPCR assay established the ubiquitous presence and high titer of AciHV-3 DNA in somatic and germline tissues from wild Lake Sturgeon in the Hudson Bay drainage basin. Phylogenetic reconstructions confirm that the monophyletic AciHV-3 lineage shares a common ancestor with AciHV-1 and that AciHV-3 taxa cluster according to their sturgeon host. The same genotype of AciHV-3 is found in disjunctive Lake Sturgeon populations within and among drainage basins. The results support the hypotheses that AciHV-3 has established latency through germline chromosomal integration, is vertically transmitted via a Mendelian pattern of inheritance, is evolving in a manner consistent with a replication competent virus and has co-evolved with its host reaching genetic fixation in Lake Sturgeon populations in central Canada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesvirus)

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22 pages, 2617 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Bacillus safensis P1.5S Exhibits Phosphorus-Solubilizing Activity Under Abiotic Stress

by Loredana-Elena Mantea, Amada El-Sabeh, Marius Mihasan and Marius Stefan

Horticulturae 2025, 11(4), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11040388 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Climate change significantly impacts plant growth by reducing the availability of essential nutrients, including phosphorus (P). As an alternative to chemical fertilizers, climate-smart agriculture should prioritize the use of beneficial microorganisms such as P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Here, we report the ability of the [...] Read more.

Climate change significantly impacts plant growth by reducing the availability of essential nutrients, including phosphorus (P). As an alternative to chemical fertilizers, climate-smart agriculture should prioritize the use of beneficial microorganisms such as P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Here, we report the ability of the P1.5S strain of Bacillus safensis to solubilize P under the stress caused by different pH, temperature, and salinity. Genomic data and the TBLASTN algorithm were used to identify genes involved in stress tolerance and P solubilization. Stress tolerance was confirmed by cultivation under varying conditions, while the mechanism of P solubilization was investigated using HPLC. Bioinformatic analysis revealed at least 99 genes related to stress tolerance, 32 genes responsible for organic acids synthesis, as well as 10 genes involved in phosphatase production. B. safensis P1.5S can grow at 37 °C, high NaCl concentrations (15 g/L), and is tolerant of alkaline and acidic conditions. The P1.5S strain primarily solubilizes P by releasing organic acids, including lactic, acetic, and succinic acid. Our data revealed that the efficacy of P solubilization was not affected by abiotic stressors (19.54 µg P/mL). By evaluating the P solubilization ability of B. safensis P1.5S induced by stressors represented by varying pH, temperature, and salinity conditions, this work introduces a new avenue for increasing P availability, which enables and endorses the future development of practical applications of B. safensis P1.5S in challenging agricultural environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant–Microbial Interactions: Mechanisms and Impacts)

25 pages, 6120 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Emotional Geography of Kaunas City Center: A Mixed-Method Approach to Understanding Place Identity

by Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske, Marius Ivaskevicius, Ausra Mlinkauskiene, Kestutis Zaleckis and Ingrida Povilaitiene

Land 2025, 14(4), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040783 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Traditional urban analysis and planning often neglect intangible emotional responses, leaving a gap in comprehending and addressing appropriately how urban spaces are experienced by individuals and communities. However, in contemporary urban research, emotional dimensions have increasingly been recognized as integral to understanding place [...] Read more.

Traditional urban analysis and planning often neglect intangible emotional responses, leaving a gap in comprehending and addressing appropriately how urban spaces are experienced by individuals and communities. However, in contemporary urban research, emotional dimensions have increasingly been recognized as integral to understanding place and its identity, although the methods for systematically mapping these emotions and addressing both their qualitative and quantitative aspects remain under development. In order to address this research gap, this study presents an analysis of the emotional geography of Kaunas city (Lithuania) center using a mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods to examine public narratives collected from social media posts and comments and open-ended responses from a sociological survey of local residents. A qualitative approach, grounded in the classification of emotions by Plutchik, was applied in order to categorize emotional expressions. Simultaneously, a quantitative sentiment analysis using the NLTK VADER tool was performed in order to assess the polarity of emotions and classify them into Positive, Negative, or Neutral within the collected narratives. The social media posts and comments were then georeferenced and mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GISs), while survey data were manually linked to specific locations. This allowed for the creation of emotion maps that highlight emotional hotspots and spatial sentiment trends within Kaunas city center. The results reveal how varying emotional responses are geographically connected to different areas, providing insights into both emotional responses to qualities of physical space and activities directly and indirectly linked to this space. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of emotional mapping as a tool for urban planning, place-making, and sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches in Urban Planning: Enhancing Community Engagement and Heritage Conservation)

19 pages, 4151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Olive Oil-Based Formulations Loaded with Baricitinib for Topical Treatment of Alopecia Areata

by Negar Beirampour, Mireia Mallandrich, Paola Bustos-Salgado, Valeri Domínguez-Villegas, Núria Garrós, Roya Mohammadi-Meyabadi, Beatriz Clares-Naveros, Maria Nuria Romero-Olid, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, Marina Girbal, Maria José Rodríguez-Lagunas, Joaquim Suñer-Carbó and Ana Cristina Calpena

Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(4), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17040475 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss in clumps about the size and shape of a quarter. The estimated prevalence of the disorder is approximately 1 in 1000 people, with a lifetime risk of approximately 2 percent. One of [...] Read more.

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss in clumps about the size and shape of a quarter. The estimated prevalence of the disorder is approximately 1 in 1000 people, with a lifetime risk of approximately 2 percent. One of the systemic therapies for alopecia areata consists of the use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants. Methods: Baricitinib (BCT) is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 selective inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant drug. In this study, three olive oil BCT formulations (Oil A, Oil B, and Oil C, which differ in their content in squalene, tocopherol, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol) have been developed for topical delivery. The formulations were physicochemically characterized and the in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation through human skin tissues were assessed. Results: The results showed nearly identical viscosity across all three formulations, exhibiting Newtonian behavior. The mathematical modeling used to describe the drug release profiles was the one-site binding hyperbola for all formulations. Oil-based formulations showed a slow BCT penetration into human skin. Skin integrity remained intact during the experiments, with no signs of irritation or alterations observed. In addition, all the formulations proved their efficacy in vivo. Conclusions: Among the formulations, Oil A demonstrated the highest ability retention capacity (Q_r = 1875 ± 124.32 ng/cm²) in the skin, making it an excellent candidate for further investigation in the treatment of alopecia areata. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Drug Delivery and Controlled Release)

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22 pages, 8909 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Scale Localization Grouping Weighted Weakly Supervised Video Instance Segmentation and Air Cruiser Application

by Yunnan Deng, Yaomin Liu, Yinhui Zhang and Zifen He

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4025; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074025 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Implementing video instance segmentation (VIS) to detect, segment, and track targets based on vision system is important research for air cruiser. Large data with high sampling difficulty result in inefficient network training and limit the air cruisers in adapting to natural scenes during [...] Read more.

Implementing video instance segmentation (VIS) to detect, segment, and track targets based on vision system is important research for air cruiser. Large data with high sampling difficulty result in inefficient network training and limit the air cruisers in adapting to natural scenes during mission. A multi-scale localization grouping weighted weakly supervised VIS (MLGW-VIS) is proposed. Firstly, a spatial information refinement module is designed to supplement the multi-scale spatial location information of the high-level features of the feature pyramid. Secondly, feature interaction among the channels in each sub-space of mask features is strengthened by grouping weighting module. Thirdly, projection and color similarity loss are introduced to achieve weak supervised learning. The experimental results on the data from YouTube-VIS 2019 show that MLGW-VIS has increased the average segmentation accuracy by 5.7% and reached 37.9%, and has achieved positive effects on the perception and location accuracy of objects on the air cruiser platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic AI-Enhanced Techniques for Air Traffic Management)

38 pages, 4170 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Factors Requirements for Human-AI Teaming in Aviation

by Barry Kirwan

Future Transp. 2025, 5(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp5020042 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The advent of Artificial Intelligence in the cockpit and the air traffic control centre in the coming decade could mark a step-change improvement in aviation safety, or else could usher in a flush of ‘AI-induced’ accidents. Given that contemporary AI has well-known weaknesses, [...] Read more.

The advent of Artificial Intelligence in the cockpit and the air traffic control centre in the coming decade could mark a step-change improvement in aviation safety, or else could usher in a flush of ‘AI-induced’ accidents. Given that contemporary AI has well-known weaknesses, from data biases and edge or corner effects, to outright ‘hallucinations’, in the mid-term AI will almost certainly be partnered with human expertise, its outputs monitored and tempered by human judgement. This is already enshrined in the EU Act on AI, with adherence to principles of human agency and oversight required in safety-critical domains such as aviation. However, such sound policies and principles are unlikely to be enough. Human interactions with current automation in the cockpit or air traffic control tower require extensive requirements, methods, and validations to ensure a robust (accident-free) partnership. Since AI will inevitably push the boundaries of traditional human-automation interaction, there is a need to revisit Human Factors to meet the challenges of future human-AI interaction design. This paper briefly reviews the types of AI and ‘Intelligent Agents’ along with their associated levels of AI autonomy being considered for future aviation applications. It then reviews the evolution of Human Factors to identify the critical areas where Human Factors can aid future human-AI teaming performance and safety, to generate a detailed requirements set organised for Human AI Teaming design. The resultant requirements set comprises eight Human Factors areas, from Human-Centred Design to Organisational Readiness, and 165 detailed requirements, and has been applied to three AI-based Intelligent Agent prototypes (two cockpit, one air traffic control tower). These early applications suggest that the new requirements set is scalable to different design maturity levels and different levels of AI autonomy, and acceptable as an approach to Human-AI Teaming design teams. Full article

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12 pages, 264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding Disparities: Mental Health and Neurodevelopmental Challenges, Supports and Barriers for Immigrant Families in Canada

by Rachel Germaine Cluett and Tasmia Hai

Children 2025, 12(4), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040468 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health disorders (MH) present significant challenges to Canadian Children. While there is increased awareness, the NDD/MH service needs and barriers to service for immigrant children in Canada are unclear. Therefore, the present study explores NDD and MH [...] Read more.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health disorders (MH) present significant challenges to Canadian Children. While there is increased awareness, the NDD/MH service needs and barriers to service for immigrant children in Canada are unclear. Therefore, the present study explores NDD and MH problems and management among Canadian children compared to immigrant children. Method: An online survey was administered to eligible participants using AskingCanadians. A total of 682 parents (Mean age = 31.8, SD = 7.4), 41.3% of whom were immigrants, completed the survey. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to mental health in general, child MH and NDD service needs, social support and use and barriers to accessing services. Results: Results showed that immigrant participants reported significant underuse of child mental health services (1.5 times less use) despite a higher reported child need. Similarly, a higher frequency of children born to Canadian parents reported accessing NDD/MH assessment referrals compared to immigrant families. Parents of children referred for NDD/MH assessment also reported a higher prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, parents of children presenting with NDD/MH concerns overall reported a significantly higher impact of barriers to their child’s education compared to parents whose children did not present with NDD/MH concerns. This effect was driven by Canadian parents of children with NDD/MH reporting increased barriers. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background in clinical approaches to MDD/MH services. There is a need to increase awareness and reduce stigma regarding service access. Furthermore, the findings reiterate the ongoing challenges families of children with NDD/MH challenges face in accessing support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Mental Health)

25 pages, 2557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allergic Asthma in the Municipalities of the Palynological Network of the Community of Madrid and Its Interrelation with the Concentration of Tree Pollen and Atmospheric Pollutants

by Javier Chico-Fernández and Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez

Atmosphere 2025, 16(4), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040425 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Although the benefits of trees in cities are of great variety and value, attention must also be paid to the consequences for public health of the presence of pollen aeroallergens in the atmosphere, which are likely to interact with air pollutants, influencing the [...] Read more.

Although the benefits of trees in cities are of great variety and value, attention must also be paid to the consequences for public health of the presence of pollen aeroallergens in the atmosphere, which are likely to interact with air pollutants, influencing the alteration of the immune system, facilitating allergic reactions, and enhancing the symptoms of asthmatic patients. This study analyses (using multiple linear regression calculations performed with the data analysis tool Statgraphics Centurion 19) the interaction of the concentration of six types of tree pollen (Cupressaceae, Olea, Platanus, Pinus, Ulmus, and Populus) and six atmospheric pollutants (O₃, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, NO₂, CO, and SO₂), on asthma care episodes in the Community of Madrid (CAM). In most of the calculated equations, the adjusted R² value is higher than 30%, and in all cases, the P-value of the models obtained is lower than 0.0001. Therefore, almost all models obtained in the study period for asthma are statistically significant. Olea is the pollen type most frequently associated with asthma (followed by Pinus and Populus), in all the years studied. In the same period, O₃ is the most common air pollutant in the equations obtained for asthma. Stronger interrelations with asthma are generally found in more urban municipalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Air Pollution Exposure and Health Vulnerability)

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12 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessReview

TREM 2 in Parkinson’s Disease: A Promising Candidate Gene for Disease Susceptibility and Progression

by Paolo Alonge, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Angelo Torrente, Daniele Magro, Elisa Rubino and Roberto Monastero

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(4), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15040379 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The activation of microglia and the activity of innate immunity have recently been recognized as part of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) pathophysiology. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a gene with neuroprotective roles. Its variations are associated with microglial-associated [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The activation of microglia and the activity of innate immunity have recently been recognized as part of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) pathophysiology. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a gene with neuroprotective roles. Its variations are associated with microglial-associated neurodegeneration. The objective of the present review is to investigate the current evidence on the role of TREM2 in PD pathophysiology. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science, looking for English papers investigating the role of TREM2 in PD, or more in general, the genetic profile of microglia. Results: Thirty-one papers were considered relevant. Preclinical studies with PD models showed some contradictory results, even if a loss of function of TREM2 is generally associated with a microglial activation in α-synuclein-induced inflammatory processes. The role for TREM2 genetic variations in PD patients should be taken with even more caution. The increase in the soluble extracellular segment of TREM2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients seems to be associated with increased risk of cognitive decline. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence that TREM2 may have an important role in PD pathophysiology as demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies. Further investigations are needed to confirm this role and may lead the way for future targeted therapies for different neurodegenerative disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)

10 pages, 697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Ceftobiprole and Daptomycin at Bone Concentrations Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Results of a Dynamic In Vitro PK/PD Model

by Mikel Mancheño-Losa, María Ángeles Meléndez-Carmona, Carlos Lumbreras and Jaime Lora-Tamayo

Antibiotics 2025, 14(4), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040386 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: The presence of biofilms and low antimicrobial concentrations in bone tissue make prosthetic joint infections (PJI) difficult to treat. Ceftobiprole (CTO) has a potential role in MRSA PJI. This study evaluated the efficacy of ceftobiprole and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in [...] Read more.

Background: The presence of biofilms and low antimicrobial concentrations in bone tissue make prosthetic joint infections (PJI) difficult to treat. Ceftobiprole (CTO) has a potential role in MRSA PJI. This study evaluated the efficacy of ceftobiprole and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in combination against MRSA biofilms at expected bone tissue concentrations. We assessed whether CTO-DAP outperformed DAP combined with a non-anti-MRSA beta-lactam (cefazolin [CZO]). Methods: A dynamic in vitro PK/PD biofilm model (CDC biofilm reactor) was used to simulate concentrations expected in cortical bone at a standard dosing of DAP (10 mg/kg/24 h), CTO (500 mg/8 h), and CZO (2 g/8 h), and assess performance against a 48-hour MRSA biofilm from two clinical isolates that cause PJI (MRSA-1811 and MRSA-1733). Time–kill curves using the log change method (Δlog₁₀CFU/cm²) assessed antimicrobial efficacy over 56 h. Resistance emergence was monitored. Results: Although both monotherapies were active, neither reached bactericidal levels nor was one superior to the other (Δlog₁₀CFU/cm² CTO vs. DAP: −1.44 ± 0.25 vs. −1.50 ± 0.01 [p = 0.686] and −1.55 ± 0.74 vs. −0.56 ± 0.36 [p = 0.108] for MRSA-1811 and MRSA-1733, respectively). Only in the MRSA-1811 isolate did the CTO-DAP combination improve the activity of each monotherapy, without achieving a synergistic effect (Δlog₁₀ CFU/cm²: CTO-DAP −2.087 ± 0.048 vs. CTO −1.436 ± 0.249 [p = 0.013] and vs. DAP −1.503 ± 0.011 [p = 0.006]). No combination therapy (CTO-DAP vs. DAP-CZO) outperformed the other in either strain. No resistant bacterial subpopulations appeared with any antibiotic regimen. Conclusions: At clinically relevant concentrations, ceftobiprole and daptomycin showed similar activity against MRSA biofilms. The CTO-DAP combination showed comparable efficacy to DAP-CZO. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone and Joint Infections: The Challenges of Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment and Opportunities for Future Research)

17 pages, 2075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diversity of Late Cenozoic Actinopterygian Assemblages of the South of Eastern Europe

by Zoltán Barkaszi and Oleksandr Kovalchuk

Diversity 2025, 17(4), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17040259 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

In the late Cenozoic, the south-west of Eastern Europe was a region affected by extensive hydrological transformations that resulted in the retreat of the Eastern Paratethys and the emergence and further evolution of freshwater communities. In recent decades, a relatively rich fossil actinopterygian [...] Read more.

In the late Cenozoic, the south-west of Eastern Europe was a region affected by extensive hydrological transformations that resulted in the retreat of the Eastern Paratethys and the emergence and further evolution of freshwater communities. In recent decades, a relatively rich fossil actinopterygian fauna has been described from this area. The present study was based on previous systematic studies and aimed to assess and trace the temporal dynamics of the diversity of fish assemblages that existed in the area from the Late Miocene until the end of the Pleistocene. Species diversity, taxonomic diversity, taxonomic complexity, and functional diversity were analysed. It was found that the diversity of the fish assemblages notably decreased during the Late Miocene, when representatives of the families Clariidae, Moronidae, Sciaenidae, and Gobiidae disappeared, and remained relatively low during the Pliocene. During the Pleistocene, however, functional diversity gradually increased, despite fluctuating species and taxonomic diversity and taxonomic richness and complexity, which suggests an increasing stability of the coenotic structure within the fish communities. The revealed temporal trends reflect the impact of the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological processes that characterised the region during the late Cenozoic, particularly orogenic and climatic changes, and the evolution of a typical limnophilous, lacustrine-riverine fish fauna. Full article

17 pages, 1192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction Model for Compaction Quality of Earth-Rock Dams Based on IFA-RF Model

by Weiwei Lin, Yuling Yan, Pu Xu, Xiao Zhang and Yichuan Zhong

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4024; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074024 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The current evaluation models for earth-rock dam compaction quality seldom incorporate parameter uncertainty considerations. Additionally, the existing models frequently demonstrate constrained prediction accuracy and generalization capabilities. To resolve these issues, we present an intelligent evaluation method for the compaction quality of earth-rock dams [...] Read more.

The current evaluation models for earth-rock dam compaction quality seldom incorporate parameter uncertainty considerations. Additionally, the existing models frequently demonstrate constrained prediction accuracy and generalization capabilities. To resolve these issues, we present an intelligent evaluation method for the compaction quality of earth-rock dams that explicitly accounts for parameter uncertainty. The method utilizes a dynamic inertia weight, an adaptive factor, and a differential evolution strategy to enhance the search capability of the firefly algorithm. Furthermore, the random forest (RF) algorithm’s Ntree and Mtry parameters are adaptively optimized through the improved firefly algorithm (IFA) to develop a dam compaction quality prediction model. This model aims to reveal the complex nonlinear mapping relationship between input influencing factors, such as compaction parameters, material source parameters, and meteorological factors, and the compaction quality. The proposed model improves the prediction accuracy, generalization ability, and robustness. The improved firefly optimization-based random forest (IFA-RF) is applied in practical engineering projects, and the results validate that this method can reliably and accurately predict the compaction quality of earth-rock dam construction in real time (R = 0.90107, MSE = 0.0000602, p = 0.000) and thereby guide remedial measures to ensure engineering safety and quality compliance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)

19 pages, 2551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lightweight Drone-to-Ground Station and Drone-to-Drone Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones

by Qi Xie and Jilin Zhang

Symmetry 2025, 17(4), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040556 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

The implementation of the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol in the Internet of Drones (IoD) is crucial for enhancing the security and reliability of information transmission. However, almost all existing authentication protocols between drones and Ground Station (GS) may suffer from several [...] Read more.

The implementation of the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol in the Internet of Drones (IoD) is crucial for enhancing the security and reliability of information transmission. However, almost all existing authentication protocols between drones and Ground Station (GS) may suffer from several attacks due to capture attacks. In addition, the authentication between drones requires the participation of GS, which not only increases the amount of computation and transmission but also faces challenges such as impersonation attacks, lack of privacy protection, and perfect forward security. Therefore, we propose a secure and lightweight drone-to-GS (D2G) and D2D AKA protocol with perfect forward secrecy for IoD. Our protocol integrates physical unclonable functions (PUF) symmetrically into GS and drones to protect secret information against capture attacks while ensuring that GS does not store secret information related to drones. Furthermore, the proposed protocol enables direct mutual authentication between drones in a symmetrical manner without GS involvement, improving security and efficiency, particularly in scenarios where drones must collaborate without GS connectivity. Formal security proof using the random oracle model confirms the protocol’s resilience against various attacks. The performance analysis indicates that our scheme improves computational efficiency by an average of 39.44% compared to existing schemes that offer comparable security. Additionally, our approach incurs zero storage overhead during the GS authentication process. This protocol offers a secure and efficient solution for IoD, enhancing both security and scalability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer)

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16 pages, 311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Zero Coriolis Field in Ehlers’ Frame Theory

by Federico Re and Oliver F. Piattella

Galaxies 2025, 13(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies13020038 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Ehlers’ Frame Theory is a class of geometric theories parameterized by

λ : = 1 / c^{2}

and identical to the General Theory of Relativity for

λ \neq 0

. The limit

λ \to 0

does not recover Newtonian gravity, as one [...] Read more.

Ehlers’ Frame Theory is a class of geometric theories parameterized by

λ : = 1 / c^{2}

and identical to the General Theory of Relativity for

λ \neq 0

. The limit

λ \to 0

does not recover Newtonian gravity, as one might expect, but yields the so-called Newton–Cartan theory of gravity, which is characterized by a second gravitational field

ω

, called the Coriolis field. Such a field encodes at a non-relativistic level the dragging feature of general spacetimes, as we show explicitly for the case of the

(η, H)

geometries. Taking advantage of the Coriolis field, we apply Ehlers’ theory to an axially symmetric distribution of matter, mimicking, for example, a disc galaxy, and show how its dynamics might reproduce a flattish rotation curve. In the same setting, we further exploit the formal simplicity of Ehlers’ formalism in addressing non-stationary cases, which are remarkably difficult to treat with the General Theory of Relativity. We show that the time derivative of the Coriolis field gives rise to a tangential acceleration which allows for studying a possible formation in time of the rotation curve’s flattish feature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Tides to Waves: Understanding the Formation Mechanisms of Galactic Spirals)

16 pages, 1829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perioperative and Mid-Term Oncological and Functional Outcomes After Partial Nephrectomy for Entirely Endophytic Renal Tumors: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study (The RECORD2 Project)

by Fabrizio Di Maida, Andrea Mari, Daniele Amparore, Alessandro Antonelli, Riccardo Schiavina, Riccardo Giuseppe Bertolo, Alessandro Veccia, Eugenio Brunocilla, Riccardo Campi, Luigi Da Pozzo, Cristian Fiori, Paolo Gontero, Antonio Andrea Grosso, Luca Lambertini, Nicola Longo, Ciro Imbimbo, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Francesco Porpiglia, Luigi Schips, Nazareno Suardi, Sergio Serni, Bernardo Rocco and Andrea Minervini Show full author list Hide full author list

Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071236 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Totally endophytic renal tumors are a unique subset that pose significant technical challenges during partial nephrectomy (PN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes of PN in this particular setting. Materials and Methods: [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Totally endophytic renal tumors are a unique subset that pose significant technical challenges during partial nephrectomy (PN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes of PN in this particular setting. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 4151 patients who had surgical treatment for renal tumors between January 2013 and December 2016 at 26 urological Italian Centers (RECORD 2 project). Only patients treated with PN for entirely endophytic renal tumor were considered for final analyses. Results: A total of 211 patients were included, with a median PADUA score of 10 (IQR 9-11). Open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches were used in 94 (44.5%), 52 (24.6%), and 65 (30.8%) cases, respectively. While surgical approach did not impact complication rates, robotic PN had significantly lower median blood loss (100 vs. 185 vs. 175 cc, p = 0.04) and shorter operative time (126 vs. 140 vs. 160 min, p = 0.01) compared to open and laparoscopic PN. At a median follow-up of 36.3 months (IQR 21.9–49.2), recurrence-free survival was 93.8%. Median %eGFR drop at 24 months was 12.1 (IQR 5.1–21.9), with significant eGFR loss (≥25%) in 36 (17.1%) patients. The robotic approach was associated with a lower %eGFR drop at 1-month and 1-year evaluations, but the benefit diminished at 24 months. Multivariate analysis showed age and open surgery as independent predictors of renal function loss at 1 month and Trifecta failure. Conclusions: The conservative management of entirely endophytic renal tumors is associated with favorable functional and oncologic outcomes. Whenever technically feasible, conservative surgery should be prioritized to optimize early renal function recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Research of Cancer)

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16 pages, 523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adolescents’ Knowledge on Climate Change: A Nationwide Study in Indonesia

by Evi Martha, Besral, Ulfi Hida Zainita, Naurah Assyifa Rilfi and Syifa Aulia Aminudin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040571 (registering DOI) - 5 Apr 2025

Abstract

Adolescents’ knowledge about climate change is key to protecting the well-being of all generations and to promoting individuals’ rights and resilience. This study assesses the climate change literacy of Indonesian adolescents and its determinants. This nationwide study was conducted in 2023 in Sumatra, [...] Read more.

Adolescents’ knowledge about climate change is key to protecting the well-being of all generations and to promoting individuals’ rights and resilience. This study assesses the climate change literacy of Indonesian adolescents and its determinants. This nationwide study was conducted in 2023 in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Eastern Indonesia. A total of 1126 adolescents aged 13–19 years were selected through multi-stage sampling. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. This study found that 49.7% of adolescents had poor climate change literacy. In the multivariate analysis, the significantly related factors had an odds ratio of 1.66–4.75. Climate change literacy was higher in adolescents from the West and Central Regions, from public or religious schools, and those with educated parents, than in adolescents from the Eastern Region, from private or vocational schools, and those whose parents had low education, respectively. This study suggests the need to promote equality in climate change literacy among Indonesian adolescents through formal and informal education. High-quality formal education would necessitate well-trained teachers with expertise in climate change, as well as a structured, age-appropriate curriculum. Meanwhile, informal education through another information dissemination and social media-based movements can help broaden outreach among adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Intersection of Nursing Education, Public Health and Climate Change)

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